Assuming this is a view-based outline view, not a NSCell-based view …
You can bind the text field value via the "objectValue" property of the cell view containing the text field. (When you try to establish the binding, the cell view will be one of two choices in the popup menu where you choose what object to bind to.)
Typically, you'll have an implementation of the 'outlineView:viewFor:item' delegate method. In that method, you can set the "objectValue" property of the cell view you're returning to a suitable object for the column/item of the cell.
Note that in a simple case, the "objectValue" could just be a string that's the value of the text field, or it can be a custom object that has the string as a property. In that case, back in IB, you'd specify something like "objectValue.myStringPropertyName", but using the actually string property name.
I hope that makes sense. It's actually pretty straightforward, but hard to describe clearly in words.