Are some backgrounded apps allowed to record phone calls but not others?

It’s been established that generally speaking background apps cannot record audio while the foreground app is already reading audio data from the microphone, but are there exceptions? For instance, is there an exception for certain Apple apps?

If so, and there’s a special exception that most programmers don’t know about but some Apple’s engineers do and perhaps some hackers do as well, wouldn’t the mechanism that allows that eventually be exploited?

Are some backgrounded apps allowed to record phone calls but not others?
 
 
Q