I've been constantly having this problem for the past few months, using the various Xcode 15 betas and the iOS 17 betas, but the problem is still present with Xcode 15 release and iOS 17.0 release (and indeed with 17.1 beta).
The issue is Xcode constantly says "Connecting to the phone" when attempting to run an iOS app from Xcode. Once it says this it never stop. Terminating and restarting Xcode doesn't fix it, disconnecting the phone and re-connecting doesn't fix it. If I restart the phone then Xcode will switch to saying "Preparing the phone" and it'll never stop saying that (even though the phone might have been attached for hours and has previously been prepared).
I think the problem is actually iOS 17 or iOS 17 in combination with Xcode 15 because I don't have an issue with Xcode 15 and iOS versions less than 17. Nor in 13 years have I ever encountered a similar problem before. So for the past few months I've been avoiding using iOS 17 because of this issue it's literally impossible to develop. But it's becoming harder to avoid using iOS 17.
So restarting the phone doesn't fix it, disconnecting the phone from the Mac doesn't fix it, restarting Xcode doesn't fix it. Are there suggestions for something else to try?
Apple are there any logs I can get to provide you that will help diagnose this issue?
