xcdebug doesn't work with any executable
% xcdebug ./a.out
2022-11-28 00:02:58.724 xcdebug[91235:14123216] Error: Error Domain=NSOSStatusErrorDomain Code=-1728 "errAENoSuchObject: e.g.,: specifier asked for the 3rd, but there are only 2. Basically, this indicates a run-time resolution error. " UserInfo={ErrorNumber=-1728, ErrorOffendingObject=<SBObject @0x6000037f85a0: activeWorkspaceDocument of application "Xcode" (91237)>}
It opens an Xcode instance with ls set as the Executable in the only scheme.