What MacOS is needed to build new SwiftUI?

I would like to start my next app with SwiftUI but constructs such as @AppStorage are not supported in XCode 11.6 and Swift 5.2.4. Do I need Big Sur?

I am running Catalina 10.15.6 and do not have an extra Mac to dedicate to the Big Sur beta. Can I run Big Sur from an external disk? The installer does not appear to support that.

Do I need Big Sur?

If you want to write a SwiftUI app using @AppStorage or other features introduced in WWDC 20, you need Xcode 12.
You can run Xcode 12 on Catalina.
If you want to develop and test a macOS app using such features, you need Big Sur.

Can I run Big Sur from an external disk? 

I have not tried yet, but you can find some articles searching with "installing big sur external disk".
I tried to run Big Sur from an external disk, but I ran into this problem!

when I try to JSONDecode(), I can’t access the data from the URLSession.

What sort of article have you found and followed? You should better contact to the author of the article.

By the way, you have not clarified yet. Do you really want to write a macOS app? Or you just want to port your UIKit (iOS) app?
What MacOS is needed to build new SwiftUI?
 
 
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