Problems:
SF Pro & Compact Rounded/Display/Text fonts missing
Installed fonts are in incorrect version
Fonts reinstalled
SF Symbol app reinstalled
SF Pro & Compact Rounded/Display/Text fonts missing
Installed fonts are in incorrect version
Fonts reinstalled
SF Symbol app reinstalled
Had a similar problem and managed to solve it.
First of all, try to validate your fonts. In the Font Book app select all fonts, then File > Validate Selection. Also it is worth to try to resolve duplicates. In Font Book app File > Resolve Duplicates. More about Font Book here
If nothing helped, then open /Library/Fonts and remove all SF- fonts and then download the latest version of SF fonts from Apple.
I had the same issue and even after installing the newest SF Pro fonts the error kept popping up. The problem was that I had installed the newest fonts for all users (/Library/Fonts) but had previously installed the fonts for my user only (~/Library/Fonts). The fonts for users override the fonts for all users. Removing my user's fonts solved the issue.