I have a use case to rotate a CMSampleBuffer from landscape to portrait. I have written a rough code for it. But still am facing many issues with appending of the sampleBuffer to input frame. Here's the code: `guard let imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer) else { return nil } // Get the dimensions of the image buffer let width = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(imageBuffer) let height = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(imageBuffer) // Determine if the image needs to be rotated let shouldRotate = width > height // Create a CIImage from the buffer var image = CIImage(cvImageBuffer: imageBuffer) // Rotate the CIImage if necessary if shouldRotate { image = image.oriented(forExifOrientation: 6) // Rotate 90 degrees clockwise } let originalPixelFormatType = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(imageBuffer) // Create a new pixel buffer var newPixelBuffer: CVPixelBuffer? let status = CVPixelBufferCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, height, width, originalPixelFormatType, nil, &newPixelBuffer) guard status == kCVReturnSuccess, let pixelBuffer = newPixelBuffer else { return nil } CVBufferPropagateAttachments(imageBuffer, newPixelBuffer!) // Render the rotated image onto the new pixel buffer let context = CIContext() context.render(image, to: pixelBuffer) CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(pixelBuffer,CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) var videoInfo: CMVideoFormatDescription? CMVideoFormatDescriptionCreateForImageBuffer(allocator: kCFAllocatorDefault, imageBuffer: newPixelBuffer!, formatDescriptionOut: &videoInfo) var sampleTimingInfo = CMSampleTimingInfo(duration: CMSampleBufferGetDuration(sampleBuffer), presentationTimeStamp: CMSampleBufferGetPresentationTimeStamp(sampleBuffer), decodeTimeStamp: CMSampleBufferGetDecodeTimeStamp(sampleBuffer)) var newSampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer? CMSampleBufferCreateForImageBuffer(allocator: kCFAllocatorDefault, imageBuffer: newPixelBuffer!, dataReady: true, makeDataReadyCallback: nil, refcon: nil, formatDescription: videoInfo!, sampleTiming: &sampleTimingInfo, sampleBufferOut: &newSampleBuffer) let attachments: CFArray! = CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, createIfNecessary: true) let dictionary = unsafeBitCast(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(attachments, 0), to: CFMutableDictionary.self) if let attachmentsArray = CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, createIfNecessary: true) as? [CFDictionary] { for attachment in attachmentsArray { for (key, value) in attachment as! Dictionary<CFString, Any> { if let value = value as? CFTypeRef { CMSetAttachment(newSampleBuffer!, key: key, value: value, attachmentMode: kCMAttachmentMode_ShouldPropagate) } } } } return newSampleBuffer! The error that I am getting while appending the frame is: Error occured, isVideo = false, status = 3, Error Domain=AVFoundationErrorDomain Code=-11800 "The operation could not be completed" UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=An unknown error occurred (-12780), NSLocalizedDescription=The operation could not be completed, NSUnderlyingError=0x282b87390 {Error Domain=NSOSStatusErrorDomain Code=-12780 "(null)"}} I read online that this error might be due to different PixelFormatType. But how can that be because I am obtaining the PixelFormatType from the buffer itself. If you want to see the difference between original and rotated sample buffer. https://www.diffchecker.com/V0a55kCB/ Thanks in advance!