We ran into the same error with a couple of our enterprise apps that were released last September/October, but not with any released this year since March. I watched the console when intune was trying to install the app and saw this error:
Failed to verify code signature of Prices.app : 0xe8008029 (The code signature version is no longer supported.)
We renewed the app's provisioning profile, resigned the IPAs, and the app launches now.
Hope that helps.