We've been experiencing the same issue. We got fewer reports since iOS 16.5, but there are still a huge amount of user facing the whitescreen problem, even on the newer versions of iOS.
It seems that mainly MDM controlled devices are affected, even if you put nessecary urls on the white-list. Unfortunately a large amount of our users are using MDM controlled devices. On iOS devices with no restrictions at all, everything works perfectly.
Disabling service-workers is currently the only workaround. Which is not the optimal solution for us, since we would lose caching and offline functionallities.
For more context and gathered some urls, with the same issue:
webkit ticket
PWA showing white screen on IOS 16.4 when content restriction is on
Workbox ServiceWorker Issue in webview IOS 16.4
Vue2 PWA is not working on iOS 16.4 devices