I don't think that an SF Symbol with an UIImageView can be a more robust way. We're here to test the betas, and in this case if something is working in previous iOS versions and not in the new one, we have to question us why is not working before figuring another possible workaround.
In your case, it's a line of code you have to add to make it work in iOS17:
label.layer.masksToBounds = true