It appears that to open an app's settings pane requires the bundle identifier. Safari's can be opened with App-Prefs:com.apple.mobilesafari, for example. I'm not sure about non-app paths, such as "General."
However, sub-paths also don't work any more. For example, App-Prefs:com.apple.mobilesafari&path=WEB_EXTENSIONS no longer works to open the "Extensions" sub-path. If anyone figures that part out, I would be immensely grateful.