Same problem since yesterday:
iMac 24'' M1 2021
macOS Monterey 12.4 (updated to 12.5 - no effect)
Xcode 13.4.1
Logging out/re-logging into iCloud on my Mac also fails with the message "Invalid username or password" so now I've also lost access to my iCloud work files from my Mac...
I can still sign in to icloud.com but that doesn't help.