An update to my comment: I opened Xcode -> Window(in top menu) -> Devices and Simulators -> + button in bottom left -> Expand OS Version menu and there was an option to "Download more simulator runtimes" and the updated runtime was available for me. (macOS 14.2.1, Xcode 15.1)
In my case I had actually downloaded iOS 17.2 on macOS 13 to test if I would have issues building my app. There was an error for this duplicate download in the "Download more simulator runtimes" menu that I had to delete before installing the version that came with Xcode 15.1.