Preamble: I am creating an iOS build of a Ren'Py game. My coding experience with Swift/ObjC is nearly nonexistent and I've primarily followed tutorials up to this point. Ren'Py uses an underlying framework to create an Xcode project. I do not have control over how this framework does things, but I can add files before actually compiling inside Xcode. I MUST use the pyobjus library to do so based on my current understanding, abilities, and frameworks. The included IAPHelper class processes in-app purchasing and it works great! The following function indicates, however, that there is a rootViewController that I need to attach to. - (void) showDialog { if (alert != nil) { return; } alert = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:self.dialogTitle message:nil preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert ]; UIActivityIndicatorView *indicator = [[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle:UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleLarge]; // Adjust the indicator so it is up a few pixels from the bottom of the alert indicator.center = CGPointMake(alert.view.bounds.size.width / 2, alert.view.bounds.size.height - 50); [indicator startAnimating]; [alert.view addSubview: indicator]; #pragma clang diagnostic push #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated" [UIApplication.sharedApplication.keyWindow.rootViewController presentViewController:alert animated:YES completion:nil]; #pragma clang diagnostic pop } Problem: I am TRYING to implement an in-app browser for Patreon authentication purposes. The files I have put together are as follows: BrowserViewController.h // BrowserViewController.h #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import <WebKit/WebKit.h> @interface BrowserViewController : UIViewController - (void)loadURL:(NSString *)urlString; @end BrowserViewController.m // BrowserViewController.m #import "BrowserViewController.h" @interface BrowserViewController () @property (nonatomic, strong) WKWebView *webView; @end @implementation BrowserViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.frame]; [self.view addSubview:self.webView]; NSLog(@"viewDidLoad"); } - (void)loadURL:(NSString *)urlString { NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlString]; NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]; [self.webView loadRequest:request]; NSLog(@"loadURL"); } @end OAuth2Strategy.py init python in auth: from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, parse_qs from urllib.request import urlopen, Request import ssl import certifi from store import webserver, OpenURL import json class OAuth2Strategy(): def __init__(self, authorization_url, token_url, client_id, client_secret, callback_url, scope): self.authorization_url = authorization_url self.token_url = token_url self.client_id = client_id self.client_secret = client_secret self.callback_url = callback_url self.scope = scope self.on_success_callback = None self.on_fail_callback = None def run(self, on_success_callback = None, on_fail_callback = None): self.on_success_callback = on_success_callback self.on_fail_callback = on_fail_callback webserver.start(self) if renpy.renpy.ios: from pyobjus import autoclass, objc_str # Import the Objective-C class BrowserViewController = autoclass('BrowserViewController') # Create an instance of the BrowserViewController browser = BrowserViewController.alloc().init() # Load a URL url = self.make_authorize_url() browser.loadURL_(objc_str(url)) elif renpy.renpy.android: pass else: renpy.run(OpenURL(self.make_authorize_url())) def make_authorize_url(self): return self.authorization_url + "?client_id={client_id}&scope={scope}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code".format( client_id=self.client_id, scope=self.scope, redirect_uri=self.redirect_uri, ) @property def redirect_uri(self): return "http://127.0.0.1:" + str(webserver.PORT) + self.callback_url def handle_auth(self, request): parsed_path = urlparse(request.path) query = parse_qs(parsed_path.query) code = query.get("code") if not code: request.send_response(400) request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html') request.end_headers() request.wfile.write(b'Failed to authenticate. You can now close this window.') webserver.stop() if self.on_fail_callback: self.on_fail_callback() return code = code[0] tokens = self.get_tokens(code) request.send_response(200) request.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html') request.end_headers() request.wfile.write(b'Success! You can now close this window.') webserver.stop() if self.on_success_callback: self.on_success_callback(tokens) def get_tokens(self, code): ctx = ssl.create_default_context(purpose=ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH, cafile=certifi.where()) data = urlencode({ "grant_type": "authorization_code", "code": code, "client_id": self.client_id, "client_secret": self.client_secret, "redirect_uri": self.redirect_uri, }).encode("utf-8") headers = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"} req = Request(self.token_url, data=data, headers=headers, method="POST") response = urlopen(req, context=ctx) data = response.read().decode("utf-8") data = json.loads(data) return data If I use the default OpenURL function Safari opens as the full blown browser rather than in-app, hence why I am trying to override it. When I run my app and click the button that SHOULD spawn the browser, nothing happens. I can see that my URL is getting pushed to the function in the log along with Warning: -[BETextInput attributedMarkedText] is unimplemented and Failed to request allowed query parameters from WebPrivacy. though my admittedly light research indicates this isn't an issue. I have a feeling I'm not attaching my webView to the right hierarchy but I'm not sure exactly what I'm doing wrong.

Before anyone rants and raves about checking documentation - I have spent the last 4 hours trying to solve this issue on my own before asking for help. Coding in Swift is VERY new for me and I'm banging my head against the wall trying to teach myself. I am very humbly asking for help. If you refer me to documentation, that's fine but I need examples or it's going to go right over my head. Teaching myself is hard, please don't make it more difficult. I have ONE swift file with everything in it. import Foundation import Cocoa import Observation class GlobalString: ObservableObject { @Published var apiKey = "" @Published var link = "" } struct ContentView: View { @EnvironmentObject var globalString: GlobalString var body: some View { Form { Section(header: Text("WallTaker for macOS").font(.title)) { TextField( "Link ID:", text: $globalString.link ) .disableAutocorrection(true) TextField( "API Key:", text: $globalString.apiKey ) .disableAutocorrection(true) Button("Take My Wallpaper!") { } } .padding() } .task { await Wallpaper().fetchLink() } } } @main struct WallTaker_for_macOSApp: App { @AppStorage("showMenuBarExtra") private var showMenuBarExtra = true @EnvironmentObject var globalString: GlobalString var body: some Scene { WindowGroup { ContentView() .environmentObject(GlobalString()) } // MenuBarExtra("WallTaker for macOS", systemImage: "WarrenHead.png", isInserted: $showMenuBarExtra) { // Button("Refresh") { //// currentNumber = "1" // } // Button("Love It!") { //// currentNumber = "2" // } // Button("Hate It!") { //// currentNumber = "3" // } // Button("EXPLOSION!") { // // currentNumber = "3" // } //// // } } } class Wallpaper { var url: URL? = nil var lastPostUrl: URL? = nil let mainMonitor: NSScreen init() { mainMonitor = NSScreen.main! } struct LinkResponse: Codable { var post_url: String? var set_by: String? var updated_at: String } struct Link { var postUrl: URL? var setBy: String var updatedAt: Date } func parseIsoDate(timestamp: String) -> Date? { let formatter = DateFormatter() formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX") formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ" return formatter.date(from: timestamp) } func fetchLink() async { do { url = URL(string: GlobalString().link) let (data, _) = try await URLSession.shared.data(from: url!) let decoder = JSONDecoder() let linkResponse = try decoder.decode(LinkResponse.self, from: data) let postUrl: URL? = linkResponse.post_url != nil ? URL(string: linkResponse.post_url!) : nil let date = parseIsoDate(timestamp: linkResponse.updated_at) let link = Link( postUrl: postUrl, setBy: linkResponse.set_by ?? "anon", updatedAt: date ?? Date() ) try update(link: link) } catch { } } func update(link: Link) throws { guard let newPostUrl = link.postUrl else { return } if (newPostUrl != lastPostUrl) { lastPostUrl = newPostUrl let tempFilePath = try getTempFilePath() try downloadImageTo(sourceURL: newPostUrl, destinationURL: tempFilePath) try applyWallpaper(url: tempFilePath) } else { } } private func applyWallpaper(url: URL) throws { try NSWorkspace.shared.setDesktopImageURL(url, for: mainMonitor, options: [:]) } private func getTempFilePath() throws -> URL { let directory = NSTemporaryDirectory() let fileName = NSUUID().uuidString let fullURL = NSURL.fileURL(withPathComponents: [directory, fileName])! return fullURL } private func downloadImageTo(sourceURL: URL, destinationURL: URL) throws { let data = try Data(contentsOf: sourceURL) try data.write(to: destinationURL) } } The 'fetchLink' function is where things explode, specifically when setting the URL. I do not know what I'm doing wrong.