I am still facing the same issue and I am unable to migrate my project to newer Xcode version.
Previously I was using Xcode 9 and Legacy build system, trying to migrate to the new build system and to the latest Xcode results in this error.
The problem is that the build.db file actually exists at the specified location but the Xcode throws up error saying
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error: accessing build database "/Users/sdks/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Logger-ewosmmkmvdgsihehzkkffrtfeckw/Build/Intermediates.noindex/XCBuildData/build.db": disk I/O error
Can anyone suggest a proper solution to this issue?