Yes, you can archive it and then:
Distribute app
Ad Hoc
iCloud Environment
Then you can airdrop it to your iOS Device and test it.
Rundev
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EDIT:
SORRY, I DIDN'T GET YOUR QUESTION, I DON'T KNOW HOW TO RUN DEBUG TEST ON XCODE WITH CLOUDKIT PRODUCTION.
But you can test it on a local device by exporting your app from Organizer on your local device.
Yes, you can archive it and then:
Distribute app
Ad Hoc
iCloud Environment: Production
Then you can airdrop it to your iOS Device and test it.