This was extremely helpful!! It allows you to see the actual progress. Since the xcode data is so huge, it seems like the progress bar is never moving, but with this solution you can actually see the progress as a number out of 1000.
Pasting the core of that solution here in case the link stops working:
(1) Open the "Console" app (not the "Terminal", but the "Console")
(2) Go to the "Search bar" and type "App store".
(3) Push "Start" button.
(4) Log lines will be added from time to time showing you how the installation process goes. In my case, I saw "... Completed: 825 of 1000", and some time later I got "... Completed: 826 to 1000", and so on.