A similar thing has been happening since updating our Xcode Cloud workflow to Sonoma for some UI Tests. For a while we were using the workaround mentioned by @cam-dh, setting the workflow to run on Ventura, but unfortunately this approach now sees other problems, by failing to install the simulators seemingly randomly.
Doing some testing on this, it seems the problem does not apply to all API's, as calling something like the https://dummyjson.com endpoints, works like a charm. While any attempt to contact our own API, hosted on azure, will fail with the error mentioned.