When I tried to write a PHP service that makes calendar files, I've met such a problem. I think it's Apple Calendar bug that we cannot fix, because the PHP-generated calendar shows up properly when I use http:// to get it. But when I use webcal://, it shows in "Calendar" list, even can be "refreshed" (and server detects the refresh), but no events shown up. For more details, search "Subscribed calendars not shown on my device, but they can be opened manually" on Ask Different.