I know this question is two years old, but one helpful side note because I encountered this recently and lost all my hair: We build .IPA files on a build server, and then install them onto developer's and tester's machines for testing. We also use TestFlight for production builds, but for development builds we don't. When setting up a new developer/tester with a device, make sure the developer is able to build and deploy at least one app from the XCode UI onto the device in question-- this is how the provisioning profile "iOS Team Provisioning Profile: *" gets installed onto your device. When you go to Devices and Simulators > Cmd-Click > Show Provisioning Profiles, if you don't see the profile in the list, it may be an indication you need to force the provisioning by making a 'hello world' app and then building and deploying it to the device. Make sure to change the 'Team' to the same team that your .IPA files use. This process likely only works if your developers/testers are set up for 'All Apps' in the developer portal/App Store Connect.